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In Study III (AgNPs spiked into the effluent of the control STP), the highest survival rates were determined for the control treatments CIII and STP-C (75 and 54%) as well as for the STP control effluent spiked with the lowest Ag content (STP-C-Ag 1, 53%).
Chronic effects of AgNPs in the effluent of a model STP, spiked to copper-reduced tap water, and spiked to STP control effluent on H. azteca were tested.
In comparison, AgNPs that were spiked to the diluted STP control effluent were supposed to be less sulfidized and therefore probably able to release more Ag+ which led to a higher accumulation of silver that we can observe by the higher accumulation in the treatments of Study III.
The results obtained in the third study indicate that AgNPs spiked to STP control effluent were also transformed most likely, as described before, by sulfidation caused by the high amount of sulfide present in the effluent or detoxified by organic ligands like, e.g., humic acids [58].
Similar(56)
In Study I (effluent of the Ag-STP), the average survival rate in the treatments containing NM 300 K tended to be slightly lower (77% for STP-Ag-d and 76% for STP-Ag-a) compared to the water and STP effluent control treatment with survival rates > 80% at all concentrations.
In the chronic exposure study (Study I), the Ag-STP effluent was compared with control STP effluent and a further control treatment which was prepared using copper-reduced tap water [52] only.
In the other studies, copper-reduced tap water (Study II) and control STP effluent (Study III) were spiked with pristine AgNPs, allowing to elucidate the impact of the STP process (Study I) on the ecotoxicological effects of AgNPs.
Accumulation factors of Ag calculated following exposure to supplemented mineral media were significantly higher compared to supplemented control STP effluent.
In the second and third study, tap water and control STP effluent were spiked with AgNPs and used as test media.
This was confirmed in Studies II and III, where the dispersant only was spiked to the mineral media (Study II) and control STP effluent (Study III).
In Study III (AgNPs spiked into the effluent of the control STP), the mean length of the amphipods in the control treatment (CIII) with Cu-reduced water was significantly smaller (0.223 cm) than those of the effluent control and the treatments (0.366 up to 0.397 cm).
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