Slaty Sike is a catchment that copes well under normal weather conditions but when the area is hit by bigger storms experiences a rapid flow of water down the steep hillsides, washing debris and stones into Haltwhistle Burn.
If storms experience significant vertical wind shear, use of a lower level wind such as the 700 hPa pressure level (at a height of 3000 m above sea level) will work out as a better predictor.
Visakhapatnam, in Andhra Pradesh and near the center of the storm, experienced little damage apart from a collapsed sea wall.
An aircraft flight into the storm experienced severe turbulence, and wind driven rain reportedly stripped paint from the plane's surfaces.
The sugarcane industry suffered greatly from the storm, experiencing a 19.3 percent decrease.
BT said parts of west, south west and north Wales which had been particularly affected by storms had experienced fault levels going up by 30% for telephone and broadband services because of damage to overhead and underground lines.
Francis' work has linked Arctic warming to the unusually cold and snowy winters of 2009-10 and 2010-11, during which the U.S. East Coast and parts of Europe were pummeled by fierce winter storms and experienced cooler-than-average conditions.
Occasionally dust-storms are experienced during summer months and hail-storms during February to April.
Mayor Douglas Martin of Sparta said some people on one side of the 17-square-mile township could not believe that the minor storm they experienced was the same one that required the evacuation of some 300 families in other parts of the township.
During the storm, Toamasina experienced severe flooding, forcing hundreds of residents to evacuate their homes.
