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(a) Different mathematical formulations for stopping criterion may be tried and different level of stopping accuracy such as ( left[ {frac{1}{k}sumnolimits_{k = 1}^{k} {(beta_{t + 1,k} - beta_{t,k} )^{2} } } right]^{1/2} < 10^{ - 6} ), 10−7 can be adopted to make a significant difference in model estimation performance.
Consistent with the presence of a longstanding noradrenergic deficit, atomoxetine improved stopping accuracy, and reduced reflection impulsivity during decision making.
Rather, slowing the rate of the execution process leads to greater stopping accuracy at the expense of response speed.
In Parkinson's disease, atomoxetine led to a shift to a more conservative response strategy, so that patients favoured stopping accuracy over speed, despite the tracking function and experimental instructions (Sylwan, 2004; Wostmann et al., 2013).
Atomoxetine improved stopping accuracy on the Stop Signal Task [ F 1,19) = 4.51, P = 0.047] and reduced reflection impulsivity [ F 1,9) = 7.86, P = 0.02] and risk taking [ F 1,9) = 9.2, P = 0.01] in the context of gambling.
Intriguingly, lesioning the subthalamic nucleus in the rat speeds up go reaction time and impairs stopping accuracy (Baunez et al., 1995), rendering the animal more impulsive by disinhibiting basal ganglia outflow, conferring the exact opposite effects to those we report following the administration of atomoxetine.
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Predicted RT distributions and stop accuracy are shown for the (A ) drift-rate modulation model (green), (B ) onset-modulation model (blue), (C ) combined drift and onset modulation model (yellow), and (D ) boundary modulation model (red).
However, there was no significant correlation between ad-lib consumption and either overall food-stop accuracy (r(29) = .16, p = .42) or the improvement in food-stop accuracy from early to late blocks (r(29) = .35, p = .065).065
The stop accuracy curve is plotted with model predictions (colored x 's) overlaid on empirical values (gray line, circles) for each of the five SSD conditions.
However, there was no significant correlation between consumption of the signal food in the taste test and either overall signal food-stop accuracy (r(44) = −.08, p = .61) or the improvement in signal food-stop accuracy from early to late blocks (r(44) = .12, p = .44).44
This included the probability of a response on go trials (Pg), the stop accuracy at each of the five SSD conditions (Pssd), the five RT quantiles for correct responses (Qc) and five RT quantiles for error responses (Qe) for both the baseline and caution conditions (j) separately.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com