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First, it is possible that this movement has resulted from a stochastic shift of the hermit x Townsend's hybrid zone.
Conversely, the population transferred to Medium T was pulled toward Attractor 2. This shift is also adaptive since the high mDHFR expression compensates for tetrahydrofolate depletion in Medium T. Note that the control transfer to Medium N supplemented with the same concentration of nalidixic acid resulted in a stochastic shift of gene expression toward that of either Attractor 1 or 2 (Figure 2).
While PCR enrichment is an often necessary step in the production of sufficient adapter ligated library molecules for sequencing, this step can lead to an artificial, albeit stochastic shift in GC content [ 23, 24].
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The desired signals are mixed with a series of stochastic shifting in the traces and embedded in real noise with an SNR of − 4.4474 dB.
This would result in an additional concept of robustness that could be explored: the robustness of attractors to stochastic shifts outside of their attractor basin as a result of the stochastic binding of gene products.
We first study the effect of a First Order Stochastic Dominance shift of the out-degree distribution, and then analyze the effect of a Mean Preserving Spread.
On the other hand, for any in/out-degree correlation, if the network is sufficiently dense, a First Order Stochastic Dominance shift (Mean Preserving Spread) of the out-degree distribution decreases (increases) measure (2).
(4) The inverse demand function and the stochastic demand-shift parameter are described. .
Assume the reverse demand function is given by P alpha_{t},Q) = alpha_{t} - (b_{X} q_{X} + b_{Y} q_{Y} ) (8 where (alpha_{t}) is the stochastic demand-shift parameter, depicting the uncertainty in market demand, with expected value (E_{0} [alpha_{t} ] = alpha_{0} > 0).
Let us denote = x - x d, then we get the following shifted stochastic system [ 26] (16) i.e. the origin = 0 of stochastic system in (16) is at the desired steady state x d of the original stochastic system in (11).
The results show that genistein-induced CpG hypermethylation of six CpG sites in the A vy intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon shifted stochastic coat-color distribution toward pseudoagouti, thereby decreasing the incidence of adult-onset obesity in A vy/ a offspring.
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