Krapivsky, P. Ben-Naim, E. & Grosse, I. Stable distributions in stochastic fragmentation.
It now appears most likely that genome reduction, probably by intrachromosomal recombination and deletion events, led to stochastic fragmentation of multiple genes, with those split in locations compatible with functional enzymatic reconstitution in trans being retained.
We rationalize this observed empirical regularity by the use of simple stochastic models of fragmentation.
The fact that different sequence sets from the same BAC - although both being representative for the sequenced clone - required different parameters for yielding a 'best' assembly, suggested that experimental and stochastic conditions like fragmentation profile, library representativeness and sequence length distribution influenced the outcome of the assemblies.
Laurance [12] suggests that hyperdynamism, an "increase in the frequency and/or amplitude of population, community, and landscape dynamics in fragmented habitats," can lead to a wide array of changes in biodiversity, the effects of which depend on the time since fragmentation and stochastic demographic and environmental factors.
The model for intermingled-fibre hybrids also considers stochastic fibre strengths and fibre fragmentation, and can therefore predict a brittle or pseudo-ductile response of hybrid discontinuous composites as observed experimentally, as well as hybrid effects.
The important effect of successive fragmentation of the stochastic fibers under increasing load is included using a nonlinear constitutive model of the fiber bundle deformation which accurately includes the stochastic failure of fibers and the influence of fiber/matrix slip around fiber breaks.
For example, the Golgi first fragments to generate a high copy number and then utilizes the spindle in order to accurately partition the Golgi fragments between daughter cells., Mitochondrial inheritance in mammalian cells is proposed to occur via a stochastic process relying on the fragmentation and dispersal of mitochondria upon mitotic entry.
It is shown how, for collisional fragmentations in LEO, due to the highly stochastic evolution of the LEO environment, even the fragmentation of a massive spacecraft might not be able to alter the long term evolution of the LEO population beyond the intrinsic statistical variability associated with the Monte Carlo procedure.
Allen et al. [16] use a stochastic, generative Markov model for the fragmentation.
This suggests that ORF fragmentation is a largely stochastic process driven by local, sequence-specific characteristics.
