Current simulation-based assessment methods simplify the representation of occupant behavior by using a standard or representative set of static and homogeneous assumptions ignoring the dynamics, stochastics, and diversity of occupant's energy-related behavior in buildings.
In the context of cooperative diversity, stochastic geometry gives rise to amacro diversity component [18 20] in addition to the micro diversity component considered in the literature.
Given an estimated coalescence time of the distinct lineages of 10 – 18 kya, the differences in the distributions could hint to either limited maternal gene flow after the Last Glacial Maximum due to the alpine nature of the regions involved or to a stochastic loss of diversity due to environmental events and/or disease episodes occurred at different times and in distinctive regions.
To analyze these data, a stochastic model of viral diversity generation was developed [ 63, 64].
Furthermore, aberrations mediated through post-translational and epigenetic modifications as well as stochastic and unpredictable behavioural diversity of subclones with similar genotypic identities (Kreso et al, 2012) are likely to complicate the picture of intratumour heterogeneity further.
On that basis, it is apparent that, given a second chance, the B cell repertoire could become a good citizen either by escaping harmful environmental influences and/or by sheer good luck in the stochastic generation of immunologic diversity.
Moreover, species in small, isolated populations may lose genetic diversity through stochastic processes such as genetic drift and become less fit due to increased inbreeding (Ellstrand and Elam 1993; Byers and Waller 1999) and Allee effects, which can eventually lead to extinction (Groom 1998).
However, the low observed and expected heterozygosity values implied that rare and mycoheterotrophic taxa tend to possess low levels of genetic diversity due to stochastic losses of genetic polymorphisms resulting from genetic drift (cf. Ge et al. [2014]).
The T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains are encoded by a series of stochastic rearrangements between variable (V), diversity (D) for TCR β chain only, and joining (J) gene segments, creating hypervariable complementarity-determining region 3 (CDregionsions that contact the peptide/MHC complex and confer specificity.
Stochastic switching of phenotype generates diversity in a genetically clonal population [1].
