Results revealed that increasing crosslinker and surfactant contents and stirring rate leads to particle size reduction.
High Nb particle concentration and low stirring rate led to a higher incorporated Nb particle content.
Process parameter values (temperature, stirring rate and emulsifier addition) were optimized, improving efficiency to ca. 90%.
The corrosion rate was sharply increased with an increase in stirring rate above 500 rpm.
The effect of the crystallization temperature, supersaturation, seed mass, stirring rate and seed size is investigated.
A full factorial design was used to analyze the effects of pH, stirring rate and contact time in adsorption capacity.
The parameters affecting extraction efficiency including stirring rate, extraction temperature, extraction time, salt addition and desorption temperature were optimized.
Color removal was strongly affected by chloride concentration and, to a lesser extent, by current density and stirring rate.
Extraction time, stirring rate and salt concentration were further optimized in the second step by an OA16 (45) matrix.
The process variables studied were pH, applied pressure, NaCl concentration and stirring rate, response surface curves being established.
Investigation on the influence of stirring rate and strippant on the cadmium flux reveals that a stirring rate of 400 rpm and the use of 1 mM EDTA as the strippant constitute the optimal experimental conditions.
