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To identify Near-Miss neurons we first looked for a significant Trial Type x Stimulus interaction.
A vertical offset is expected during stimulus interaction measurements because normalization causes the higher contrast stimulus to be given more weight (Eq. 3).
Second, analysis of the correlations among stimulus interaction, attention, and directionality showed that directionality was not an important factor (see Methods).
A three-way ANOVA of the spike count revealed a significant neuron vs. stimulus interaction (F = 33.25, df = 69, p<0.0001), accounting for 8.2% of the variance.
I-Lost neurons were identified as neurons that displayed a significant effect of Stimulus but no Trial Type x Stimulus interaction.
The same analysis applied to the first principal component data revealed a significant interaction only in the neuron vs. stimulus interaction (F = 29.56,df = 69,p<0.0001), but not the session vs. stimulus interaction (F = 1.11,df = 207,p = .14), showing that the session to session variance had little influence on the aspects of the signal related to the stimulus selectivity.
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Additional studies are therefore required to investigate task by stimulus interactions further, particularly how they interact with the experimental protocol.
This extends the functions of standard fMRI paradigms, where the volunteer usually has a passive role, for example, watching a simple movie paradigm without any stimulus interactions.
To measure stimulus interactions, the same task was performed using three series of Gabors.
Many of the cells with strong direction tuning had little or no modulation in the stimulus interactions and attention experiments.
The monkey did two tasks that made it possible to measure attentional modulation and stimulus interactions independently (Figure 4).
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