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Subjects viewed the following images: Experiment one — optokinetic computer stimuli alternating with static computer stimuli; Experiment two — moving animals alternating with non-moving animals; Experiment three — moving animals alternating with optokinetic computer stimuli.
The degree of inhibitory control required in the GNG tasks was manipulated by varying the proportion of go and no-go stimuli (experiment 1) and by instructing subjects to devote different amounts of attention to the dual tasks (experiment 2).
In each of the two experiments, one group of pigeons made the same reinforced choice response following multiple sample stimuli, whereas controls either made different reinforced choices following each sample (Experiment 1) or reinforced choices after only two of four center-key stimuli (Experiment 2).
The second and the third experiments manipulated the density of the local elements (Experiment 2) and the size of the global and local shapes of the stimuli (Experiment 3) to assess whether these variables could affect global or local perception of hierarchical visual patterns in fish.
Making slight modifications to the type of feedback (Experiments 2 and 3) or the type of stimuli (Experiment 4) showed no benefit of EMF and in some cases showed a cost of doing so.
This masking and unmasking effect is considerably stronger for motion relative to static stimuli (Experiment 3).
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To replace the distractors-on indicator stimulus, this experiment included a central indicator stimulus: a line at fixation pointing toward the location of the target stimulus.
Adversarial stimuli: Experiments 1 3 used a set of 48 indirectly encoded "fooling" images obtained from ref. 14; Experiment 4 used 8 additional directly encoded images.
We demonstrate this procedure on the monkey-text experiments of Kovács et al. [14], the geometric rivalry stimuli experiments in Suzuki and Grabowecky [15], and the color misbinding experiments of Shevell and Hong [16, 17].
Our reasoning is straightforward that the behavior of discrimination thresholds for moving stimuli (Experiments 2 and 3) exhibit such a completely different pattern to that for static representations of the motion path (Experiment 1).
Three different manipulations were carried out to distinguish S+ (rewarded) from S− (nonrewarded) stimuli (Experiments 1a, b, and 2a).
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