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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine required for effector T cell expansion, survival, and function, especially for engineered T cells in adoptive cell immunotherapy, but its pleiotropy leads to simultaneous stimulation and suppression of immune responses as well as systemic toxicity, limiting its therapeutic use.
Thus it appears that EWS-FLI1 combines two key functions in oncogenic transformation, proliferation stimulation and suppression of differentiation, in one protein, but by distinct mechanisms.
The cloning of clock and its dimeric partner Bmal shows alternating patterns of stimulation and suppression.
The latter feature was considered important to study the potential of both stimulation and suppression of tumorigenesis.
Pharmacological interventions on appetite stimulation and suppression are important for many diseases including obesity, cancer, and AIDS.
A complex network of innate immunity genes regulates a delicate balance between stimulation and suppression of host immune responses to foreign substances, ensuring appropriate homoeostasis in the gut, skin, lung and various body surfaces.
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Schaumann (1987) points to the three basic ways for working with systems and organisms both in medicine and agriculture: stimulation, substitution and suppression.
The model gives a general description of the dynamics of the disease, immune stimulation and immune suppression.
Prior studies have shown that exosomes can function to modulate immune responses, including immune stimulation and immune suppression [12].
An additional limitation is the inconclusive evidence regarding insulin stimulation and glucagon suppression.
Exosomes can not only induce inflammatory responses, but could also modulate immune responses, including both immune stimulation and immune suppression [ 22].
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