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Nine patients required at least one surgical revision to replace the stimulating lead because of displacement (3), high impedances (2), local infection/skin erosion (2) or painful paresthesia (2).
iONS (2005 2009) was performed only on the headache side, using a paddle-style stimulating lead with 4 distal electrodes (Medtronic 3587A Resume II®; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) [3].
This is a very effective tool in creating awareness and stimulating lead activity.
The shift of excitation origin with regard to the stimulating lead location suggests that the error in coordinate detection may be smaller than we estimate.
However, the experimental studies utilizing the same type of electrodes show that actual origin of the wave can be 1 to 2 millimeters away from the stimulating lead location [ 26].
This finding supports the theory that higher amplitude stimulation leads to recruiting of larger volume of tissue, therefore larger number of fibers, as demonstrated in this fiber tracking study of enlargement of the volume of tracking surrounding the stimulating lead.
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This used an ultraminiature octapolar 1.1F electrophysiological oesophageal catheter that permitted connections to stimulating leads (EPR-800, Millar Instrument, Inc., Houston, TX, USA).
Measurements of sinus node recovery times (SNRTs) used an ultraminiature octapolar 1.1-Fr electrophysiology catheter connected to either recording or stimulating leads (EPR-800, Millar Instruments, Houston, TX) placed in the esophagus.
Second, the antigenic stimulation hypothesis states that immune-stimulating conditions lead to an increased risk of malignancy, which for hematological malignancies is supported by some studies [ 5, 6].
While some doctors felt that this was stimulating and led to good discussions during consultations, others said that they felt their professional knowledge was being questioned.
The idea to use simulated annealing to search for feasible solutions and converge to an optimal solution was very stimulating and led researchers to explore other areas of physics.
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