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Type I interferons (IFNs) are expressed by all nucleated cells in response to viral pathogens and modulate innate and adaptive immune responses by stimulating expression of subsets of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs).
Adrenergic stimulation and cold stress in rodents increase energy expenditure by stimulating expression of Ucp1 in the interscapular BAT depot during the recruitment of BAT in this depot [ 21] and by the appearance of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) [ 8, 22, 23].
The constitutively activated SDF-1/CXCR4 axis has been shown to play a crucial role in promoting tumor growth through paracrine and/or autocrine stimulation of tumor cells, promoting tumor invasion and metastasis by stimulating expression of MMPs, and trafficking tumor cells to target organs or tissues along ligand gradients.
Import of UA into XOR deficient cancer cells may further promote proliferation and survival in part by stimulating expression of COX-2.
While fungal protein secretion pathways differ from those of bacteria, high concentrations of MgSO4 may also affect membrane organization in eukaryotes, facilitating protein secretion and/or stimulating expression of genes that contribute to enhanced protein production and secretion.
In summary, we identify protein acetylation as a novel mechanism underlying regulation of TFEB transcriptional activity for the first time, and demonstrate that deacetylation of TFEB in microglia enhances lysosomal biogenesis by stimulating expression of its target genes, which ultimately facilitates fAβ degradation and decreased amyloid plaque deposition.
Topological changes might also rescue cell growth by stimulating expression of genes involved in the stabilisation, repair or restart of altered replication fork [56], [57].
This suggests a role for Creb1 in stimulating expression of genes required for the regulation of the immune response in the developing lung.
Together these data suggest that myc overexpression in mESC may in part achieve this end through stimulating expression of endogenous LIF.
The ciliary phenotypes of Cby−/− mice and high expression of Cby in ciliated cells are reminiscent of those associated with the master ciliogenesis transcription factor Foxj1. Foxj1 is expressed in respiratory ciliated cells, and drives the motile ciliogenesis program by directly stimulating expression of various ciliogenesis genes including dyneins [31], [32], [33], [34].
While Rb may be required solely for survival of muscle, bone, white fat and lymphoid cells, these studies suggest that it is actively engaged in sequestering inhibitors of differentiation or stimulating expression or activity of differentiation factors in stem/progenitors cells at the stage of bifurcation into different cell lineages.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com