Stimulating clustering in sphingolipid microdomains within the plasma membrane also increases integrin receptor avidity [ 36, 37].
To date, a very high number of gluten peptides, deriving from α- and γ-gliadins, and recently from glutenins, have been reported to stimulate cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T lymphocytes isolated from the small intestinal mucosa of CD patients [1].
Therefore, it is probable that endogenously supplied sugar stimulated cluster root formation under low P as a signal, not as an energy source or a secondary effect.
However, Sas et al. (2002) found that the addition of ammonium stimulated cluster root formation and proton excretion in white lupin under low-P conditions.
These results indicate that shoot-derived signals transmit the message of P deficiency to stimulate cluster root formation and that adequate P supply to plants inhibits cluster root formation to avoid excessive loss of carbon from the root system.
A camera mounted on a pair of eyeglasses sends visual inputs to a chip implanted on the retina, which translates the signals into electrical pulses that stimulate clusters of neurons.
The ability of cadherins to transmit signals from the extracellular microenvironment inside the cell body is likely a direct consequence of their adhesive function, which stimulates clustering of cadherin molecules involved in AJ formation.
In brief, the inclusion of the CD16 domain on the extracellular side of the nephrin molecule enables a stimulated clustering of the nephrin by treatment with an anti-CD16 antibody, and the inclusion of the GFP tag on the nephrin enables visualisation of the nephrin.
The normalized cut criterion measures both the total similarity within groups as well as the dissimilarity between groups, effectively penalizing the formation of small clusters and thereby stimulating the clustering of more global RSNs.
The E. coli SufB protein stimulates Fe S cluster assembly and insertion of a [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster into the adrenodoxin-like ferredoxin protein Fdx when iron and sulfide salts are provided as starting materials.
