TNF- α also stimulates production of colony-stimulating factors from neighboring astrocytes, which act as chemoattractants for reactive cells.
TNF-α markedly stimulates production of GM-CSF (granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor), a strong mobilizer of stem cells from bone marrow [ 99].
Inflammation perhaps accounts for this, since advanced glycated end products activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which stimulates production of chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP -1 (9).
EPO is a protein normally produced in kidneys that stimulates production of red blood cells.
In boys, luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary stimulates production of testosterone by cells in the testes.
Water used in the fracturing process, which stimulates production, can be a challenge in arid agricultural areas, such as Texas, although less so in the UK.
The drugs, genetically engineered versions of a human hormone that stimulates production of oxygen-carrying red blood cells, constitute Medicare's biggest drug expenditure.
Unless the government stimulates production and raises state salaries, the social fissure will widen, Mr. González said.
The carrot-yellows virus, for example, stimulates production of aerial tubers in the axils of the leaves of potato plants.
The angiotensin subsequently formed in the plasma stimulates production of the interstitial and duct cell prostaglandin (PGF2), which itself inhibits angiotensin-induced vasoconstriction.
With ParaGard, which can remain in place for 10 to 12 years, copper stimulates production of fluid in the woman's reproductive tract that kills sperm.
