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When the screen effect is taken into account, the trap depth becomes even smaller than the stimulated values (Fig. 1b) in vacuum, because the screen effect remarkably reduces the effective surface charge density at the trap electrodes.
In order to describe these outcomes, a single value per individual was obtained by subtracting the medians of the three unstimulated values from the median of the three stimulated values.
The data are presented as x-fold induction compared with untreated control or compared with stimulated values.
The improved correlation with longer diabetes duration may reflect that patients with short duration diabetes and more endogenous insulin secretion show greater variation between fasting and stimulated values.
For glucose and C-peptide analyses, blood samples were collected at 0 and 90 min (basal and stimulated values) as part of the standardized liquid meal test.
For the calculation of baseline and stimulated values, we used the average of time points 0 60 min for euglycemia and 130 150 min for hypoglycemia.
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We subtracted unstimulated cytokine values (pg/mL) from the stimulated value to calculate net stimulation, log transformed the data, and compared means using a paired t-test.
Antibodies that are present in the memory pool are stimulated with a specific infected antigen, and the stimulated value is assigned to each cell.
The TRAP stimulated value was then divided by media stimulated value to give a fold change ratio.
Species that have been designated as "stimuli" are maintained at the stimulated value or, if its input species specify it to be a larger value during simulation, it is assigned the maximum of the stimulated and calculated values.
A positive response to hypoglycemia was defined as a stimulated value greater than 3 SDs from the respective baseline during euglycemia.
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