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Researchers placed stem cells on glass to simulate a stiffer environment and found that few of the cells developed into pre-fat cells.
"It's a general universal phenomenon that when given this stiffer environment, cells change how they produce proteins," said Cynthia Reinhant-King, associateate professor of biomedical engineering and the paper's senior author.
We have previously shown that in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, particles located in a cell's lamellar region probe a stiffer environment than that of the perinuclear region, suggesting that lamellar particles are entangled in an actin network higher in density compared to that of the perinuclear region.
In a stiffer environment, the fibroblasts will transdifferentiate and start to express αSMA and secrete ECM proteins.
Stiffness is not evenly distributed within tissue, and they show that fibroblasts move towards a stiffer environment.
In this unfortunate event, CMs in the vicinity of the scar tissue sense a stiffer environment, compared to the healthy adult heart (Jacot et al., 2010).
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Her group created an acrylamide gels with precisely defined stiffnesses mimicking normal and diseased tissue and tested how macrophages respond to softer or stiffer environments.
While a stiff environment favored high progesterone and androgen secretion, decreasing alginate stiffness resulted in estrogen production which exceeded progesterone and androgen accumulation.
This work considers the control of a manipulator with the aim of executing desired time-varying motion force trajectories in the presence of a stiff environment.
"Everybody arrived with their sleeping bags on Friday night," she says, "which was turmoil, and then they managed to extend the conference into the Oxford Union, an extraordinarily stiff environment that was meant to produce male orators who would become prime ministers.
Guidelines are provided for the design of the wrist compliancy while employing the switching control strategy, such that stable tracking of a motion force reference trajectory can be achieved and bouncing of the manipulator against the stiff environment can be avoided.
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