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In the optimization formulation, the numbers and geometric sizes of the stiffeners are defined as design variables; the weight ratio of stiffeners to plate is taken as a single objective function; requirements against overall buckling of the panel, local buckling of the plates between the stiffeners and local buckling of the stiffeners themselves are set as constraint functions.
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The behaviour of thin steel plates fall into three general classes, unstiffened (no edge-stiffener), stiffened (adequate sized edge-stiffener) and partially stiffened (inadequate sized edge-stiffener).
They are longitudinally stiffened by trapezoidal stiffeners supported by cross frames at most every 4.5 m.
Such a comparison has been performed for various kinds of stiffened cylindrical shells, such as ring stiffeners, external pressure, ring stiffeners, bending, stringer stiffeners, axial compression and bending, stringer stiffeners, bending, ring and stringer stiffeners, axial compression, and external pressure.
They are web stiffened channel (WSC), web stiffened channel with inclined edge stiffener (WSC-IE), web stiffened channel with upright edge stiffener (WSC-UE) and web stiffened channel with complex edge stiffener (WSC-CE).
Hierarchical anisogrid stiffened panel (HASP) consists of three parts: main stiffeners, sub-stiffeners, and panel.
Hence in this study, web stiffened cold formed steel channel columns with various types of edge stiffeners are selected.
Welting, heels, and counters (heel stiffeners) may be plastic.
Consider the inelegant tubular stiffeners bolted between the radiator bulkhead and the inner fenders.
Prokofiev (1891-1953) has been saddled with both terms, usually with "ironic" or "sardonic" added as adjectival stiffeners: pleasure with salt.
Metal or wooden stiffeners sometimes are used with the plastic shell, although all-plastic hulls are now quite common.
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