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The stiff diagram has identified two main hydrochemical facies.
The shape of polygon of stiff diagram also classifies the water of different origin (Nadiri et al. 2013; Hounslow 1995).
Open image in new window Fig. 9 Stiff diagram showing cation and anion concentration in all samples separately.
The Stiff diagram (Fig. 9) is also used for investigation of cation and anion dominance at different locations.
The ionic constituents of the groundwater in the Dammam aquifer are displayed by Stiff diagram of each studied well within the exposed geological formations (Fig. 3a).
Sample wise composition is also shown by Stiff diagram which is in common cations and anions, with concentration represented in electrical equivalents.
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Stiff diagrams of dug and tube wells are given in lower right and left, respectively.
Stiff diagrams of the studied samples reveal Na Cl as major ions pair accompanied with Mg SO4 in dug well samples and Ca HCO3 in tube wells.
Stiff diagrams show the composition of a single sample, in terms of common cation and anion, with concentration represented in electrical equivalents.
According to stiff diagrams water type in both stations during these 20 years was Ca HCO3 and hasn't changed, except in 1997 in Dehnu station which turns to Mg HCO3 (Fig. 3).
Piper, Schoeller, Stiff, and Wilcox diagram were drawn and Mann Kendal test was used for determining data trend.
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