The goals of an antimicrobial stewardship program include optimization of clinical outcomes while minimizing unintended consequences of antimicrobial use such as toxicity, and the emergence of resistance.
A 5-year stewardship intervention program, including organizational measures and quality improvement activities in storage, prescription, dispensing, administration, and monitoring, was performed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China, a 3,200-bed 3,200-bedwithospitalllion outpatient visits annually.
An urgent need for improvements in the surveillance systems and infection control programs, including antimicrobial stewardship strategies, is advisable in our hospitals.
However, given organic farmers' disinterest in paying for national administrative costs, regional programs including voluntary efforts from an industry committed to quality food and stewardship of nature's services is a plausible alternative.
Therefore, our findings suggest that a stewardship program that includes both elimination of unnecessary therapy and formulary substitution when effective alternatives are available could eliminate up to 75% of days of fluoroquinolone therapy without adversely affecting care of patients.
The association of previous antibiotic intake especially carbapenems among cases infected with CPE necessitates that hospitals should ensure that they have active antimicrobial stewardship programs, this should include restriction of carbapenem use.
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