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To produce modern varieties of sunflower, breeders have broken the self-incompatibility system and introduced a male-sterile cytoplasmic sterility system (Gandhi et al. 2005).
But it should also be noted that in both species varieties may exist that are able to overcome the sterility system - so-called Wide Compatibility Varieties [11].
Manipulation of AtMYB80 function has been employed to develop a reversible male sterility system in Arabidopsis.
Here, we present a first alternative reproductive sterility system for medfly based on transgenic embryonic lethality.
The reversible male sterility system developed in Arabidopsis by manipulating MYB80 expression should be applicable to all major crops.
These lines were initially developed in an attempt to create a genetic male sterility system for maize [ 17].
The conservation of MYB80 genes in crops is of interest as manipulation of the gene's expression provides a novel reversible male sterility system for obtaining hybrid vigour.
Production of F1 hybrids has been achieved successfully in this category of crops (for example hybrid rice in China) but often requires a male sterility system.
To generate suppressible, dominant lethality in medfly and at the same time restrict the effects of lethality to embryos, a direct transfer of the sterility system from D. melanogaster [ 6] to medfly was previously tried.
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Hybrid rice technologies are mainly based on two well-known male sterility systems, namely CMS (Cytoplasmic Male Sterile) and EGMS (Environmentally sensitive Genic Male Sterile).
The exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop.
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