Main effects and two-way interactions were tested separately by stepwise backward term removal based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and likelihood ratio test to compare models and determine significant terms (Bolker et al., 2009).
But if they have learned stepwise in terms of relevant attributes (e.g., to say "What is the colour?…Ah, that colour means it is GEK"), intradimensional shift should be easier, since only the "how" phase of the two-step process need be relearned.
Variations of the calcium-bound P in the core SG-1 show a long-term, stepwise decrease, with shifts at ∼2.5 Ma, 1.8 Ma, 1.2 Ma, and 0.6 Ma, indicating a long-term stepwise decrease of the paleolake nutrient supply in the drainage.
Here, we present a novel genome walking strategy, termed stepwise partially overlapping primer-based PCR (SWPOP-PCR), which is easier to operate and more economical than the conventional POP-PCR.
In conclusion, our present work reveals that the wide bacterial diversity among the indigenous bacteria from WWTPs exposed to long-term stepwise increasing doses of STM could become an enhanced and stable reservoir for the development of STM resistance.
Models were simplified using stepwise elimination of terms that failed to significantly improve the fit of the model (p > 0.10).
One such model (Enquist et al. 2011) explains characteristic patterns of technological change, such as diversification and stepwise modification, in terms of dependencies between technologies, and therefore without assuming any specific learning mechanisms.
As by definition, the most parsimonious model was inferred by the stepwise elimination of terms in Equation (C4), and the final linear regression model was given by (C5) where ɛ a is normally distributed random deviate with mean 0 and standard deviation σ.
Table 5 lists the candidate terms that remained after the stepwise elimination of redundant terms.
After stepwise elimination of interaction terms a forward introduction of interaction terms with borderline p-value was executed.
