The thick FGC (≈ 1.2 mm) consists of 6 layers with a stepwise change in composition from 100 vol.% ductile AISI316 stainless steel (bottom layer) to 100 vol.% hard WC 12Co (top layer) deposited onto an AISI316 stainless steel substrate.
The structure of these graded materials is such that Si3N4 (E=300 GPa) is at the contact surface and SiC (E=400 GPa) is in the interior, with a stepwise gradient in composition existing between the two over a depth of 1.6 mm.
The mobile phase was changed stepwise to a final composition of 80% methanol 20% water over the course of two minutes.
Thus, during the stepwise adjustment of PMFS composition ratios from a low initial value, relative affinities of any quantifiable candidate ligand calculated via Eq. (6) without judging its validity will become stable after Eq. (6) is finally validated.
As calculated via Eq. (6) without judging its validity, the relative affinities of each candidate biotin derivative (BCHA, BDETA, or BME) gradually became stable during the stepwise adjustment of PMFS composition ratios.
The fine optimization way relies on stepwise adjustment of PMFS composition ratios, and the appearance of stable relative affinities of a candidate ligand in each mixture sample is required.
A design flow based on a synchronous composition specification, and stepwise refinement to LIP composition can be easily conceived, and a proof obligation to show latency equivalence between the synchronous specification and the refinement needs to be discharged.
Layered-Graded Materials (LGMs) exhibit a stepwise or progressive change in composition, structure, and properties as a function of position within the material.
Each subject was provided with standardized rules for behaving prior to the tests in order to prevent confounding effects on primary and secondary endpoints (i.e., time to exhaustion (TTE) during stepwise treadmill test, blood pressure, and body composition).
The arrangement of DTC84 core repeats is consistent with consecutive introduction of mutations during stepwise repeat duplication, while observed diversity in composition of variants can be accomplished by subsequent deletions, as explained earlier.
