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Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to confirm the stepwise changes in the electrochemical surface properties of the electrode.
In all experiments, a sliding velocity of 10 μm/s was imposed for the first 5 mm of shear displacement, before initiating stepwise changes in the velocity (i.e. velocity-stepping).
Robust tuning is presented for PFC (Predictive Functional Controller) for stable non-integrative processes modelled as FOPDT and aperiodic SOPDT (First- and Second-Order Plus Dead Time) models, assuming stepwise changes in the reference or disturbance signal.
Using this procedure, TSS prediction was conducted with stepwise changes in the cut-off values of the GC-skew (-0.9 to 0.9) at the peak.
However, as all of the signaling states are directly related to one another by stepwise changes in the state of effector binding to PII, under any cellular condition a variety of the different PII forms will be found at appreciable concentrations to provide a blended response.
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The DL field is a stepwise change in the geomagnetic field, and the DP field is a bipolar type.
As the aging period increased the stepwise change in the real part shifted to the higher temperature and sharpened.
The Dn and τr values were determined by the photocurrent and photovoltage transients induced by a stepwise change in the laser light intensity controlled with a function generator.
This finding explains the first stepwise change in the b-value in Fig. 10, a jump at the occurrence time of the M6.4 event.
Recrystallization and grain growth in Mg-1Gd led to stepwise change in the deformation texture, highlighted by a complete disappearance of the basal texture component developed during rolling.
Pore bifurcation and termination cause a stepwise change in the pore number N, as well as the average interpore angle ¯¯¯¯αp as the thickness of the oxide increases.
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