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Process simulator predicts the behavior of chemical reactions and steps using standard engineering relationships, such as mass and energy balances, rate correlations, as well as phase and chemical equilibrium data.
The simplicity of the plating and stacking steps, and the use of substrates patterned into a standard 96-well format, will enable automation of these steps using standard high-throughput liquid-handling robotics.
Construction of the pCHMWS-eGFP-IRES-Pac vector was performed in two consecutive steps using standard cloning techniques.
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Plasma etching and removal of Ni produced patterned graphene, which is then contacted in the last step using standard liftoff process.
All preprocessing steps were conducted using standard procedures as implemented in SPM5, in particular the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) toolbox.
All other homologous-recombination-based gene targeting was performed by one-step gene replacement using standard drug-resistance cassettes (Guldener et al. 1996; Longtine et al. 1998; Goldstein and Mccusker 1999) or standard two-step replacements using URA3 (Storici and Resnick 2006).
Here, a thermoplastic polymer material is deposited on a solid substrate (step 1: material selection) and patterned with a specific stepped topography, e.g. using standard lithographic methods such as grayscale electron-beam lithography [12 15] (step 2: topography origination).
All cloning and transformation steps were carried out using standard methods [ 27].
DSS uses a traditional cost accounting system where specific costs are assigned to specific cost centers, and costs from indirect cost centers (commonly thought of as "overhead") are allocated to direct cost centers (those which produce patient care) using standard step down allocation methods.
The intensity and localization of HIF-1α staining was analysed by confocal microscopy (Olympus): DIC, DAPI and Alexa-555 images were collected with a ×60 oil immersion objective in eight planes using a 0.5 μm step in sequential mode using standard excitation and emission wavelengths.
For aerobic exercise, energy expenditure during supervised sessions was calculated automatically by the machines from workload (i.e., the combination of speed and slope for treadmill, steps per minute for step and power for ergometer), using standard equations (25).
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