Initiated at the same time scale, transcriptional activity is adjusted, but due to the multiple subsequent steps of transcript accumulation, translation and assembly, the response is somewhat delayed compared to the first and second mechanism [ 3].
Hence, PPR proteins are good candidates for nuclear-encoded factors controlling distinct steps of transcript maturation in mitochondria.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02375.002 Transcription of the HIV genome by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), like the expression of many cellular genes, is largely regulated at the step of transcript elongation.
In the first step of transcript annotation, the assembled transcripts were compared to (1) the NCBI non-redundant nucleotide (nt) database with the use of Reciprocal BLASTn; and (2) the UniProt Swiss-Prot protein database with the use of Reciprocal BLASTx.
To explore themes and interactions among these themes, we followed a systematic data reduction process that consisted of the following steps: reading of transcripts, document summaries and observation notes, segmentation of sentences and phrases, codification of text segments, generation of themes and categories, and identification of relationships [ 52].
miRNAs are generated from longer RNA transcripts through several steps of post-transcriptional processing to produce a short double-stranded miRNA; both strands may produce functional miRNAs, designated −5′ and −3′ (Obernosterer et al, 2006).
At initial steps of infection its transcript levels increased rapidly (RQv 5.49), but decreased during feeding stages.
Through two steps of verification, seven transcripts were found to significantly discriminate between favourable and unfavourable NB tumours.
Our data demonstrate the enhanced transcript expression involved in most steps of ABA biosynthesis, including transcripts for Crtz, ZEP, and NCED.
To this end we investigated the first step of regulation by adjustment of transcript levels, that represents the basis for translation, modification and ultimately signaling output.
In a second step, the level of transcripts of the 137 genes encoding the proteins identified through proteomics was analyzed.
