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The data indicate that environmental pH affects the expression of most pilus types and thereby the formation of multicellular cell-adhering communities that assist the initial steps of GAS infection.
In conclusion, the results here reported indicate that most GAS FCT-types sense environmental pH as a signal to build pilus appendages on their surface, and suggest that this process leads to the formation of large cell-adhering multicellular communities which may assist the initial steps of GAS infection.
We hypothesize that modulation of pilus expression and biofilm formation in response to pH could play an important role during the initial cell adhesion steps of GAS infection, as suggested by the results obtained when bacteria belonging to the pH-dependent FCT-type 3 pre-inoculated either at a starting pH of 6.4 or 7.5 were co-incubated with epithelial cell monolayers.
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In fact, the fundamental phenomena such as surface oxidation in the first step of gas sensing have the same physical basic as in photocatalysis.
The second one is related to the stability of rutile to adsorption of oxygen species [19] that makes the surface of anatase grains more active in the first step of gas sensing (Eq. 1).
A strategy for the scale-up of a monolith reactor dedicated to gas-liquid catalytic reactions is worked out; focus is made on the crucial step of gas-liquid mass transfer modelling via a steady-state numerical study based on a single channel and single unit cell representation, using a frame moving with the bubble and solving the liquid phase only.
"The human brain is not prepared to understand this – even on the steps of the gas chamber.
Before being used in the plant, the water is treated in a specific unit called METITO Unit that provides an over-purified water eventually used in different steps of the gas process and for domestic activities.
Therefore, it is essential to establish an efficient gas extraction model to realize the stepped exploitation of gas.
In this method, step pulses of gas pressure are used to inject micro-volumes of gas into a liquid.
At high temperatures above 975 °C, activation energy was approximately 29 kJ/mol, indicating that that was the mass transport step of reactant gas species through a gas boundary layer from the main gas stream to the surface of Ni substrate.
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