The strategy is built on an amorphisity-to-crystallinity transition-driven surface structural construction, which emphasizes the critical steps of crystallization-controlled TiO2 coating and consequent structural ripening.
In case of Zr54.5Ti7.5Al10Cu20Ni8 an ultrafine microstructure consisting of clusters of 2 nm in size is formed as the first step of crystallization.
When the Ag content is in the range of 0 8 at%, the BMGs with two or three-step of crystallization process exhibit remarkable plasticity, of which primary phase is an icosahedral phase.
However, when the Ag concentration reaches 12 16 at%, the BMGs with single-step of crystallization mode display relatively limited plasticity, whose precipitation phase is Zr2Cu and/or Zr2Ni intermetallic compounds.
Finally two steps of insertion crystallization result in two long period halvings.
As different kinetic processes control the successive steps of the crystallization, the kinetic model, which involves eight parameters, can be fitted by optimization of at most four parameters simultaneously.
This shows that the success/failure in the considered steps of the crystallization process depends on a combination of multiple factors.
Molasses are a co-product of sugar production, both from sugar cane and sugar beet industry in India as a runoff syrup from the final step of sugar crystallization after which further sugar crystallization becomes uneconomical (Maneerat 2005a).
LTA zeolite monoliths (6 mm diameter, 3 cm length) featuring a hierarchical trimodal network of micro-/meso- and macropores (obtained by either controlling the nucleation step of LTA crystallization into nanocrystals or by creating mesopores into micronic crystals by using organosilane surfactant) were used for strontium capture in aqueous medium.
The formation of PC particles therefore constitutes the key-step of the crystallization events and is shown to be favoured by at least 2.33 wt% of the major chemical impurity, Theophylline.
