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Sociodemographic factors were assessed using the WHO STEPS instrument.
Discussion focused on the adaptation of the WHO STEPS instrument to respective sites' settings while maintaining comparability of expected results.
These questions were adapted from the tool used by Palaian et al. (28) and the WHO STEPS instrument validated for use in India (29).
This questionnaire was adapted from the WHO STEPs instrument and gathered information on demographics, education level, wealth and behavioral risk factors [ 20].
Behavioral factors such as alcohol consumption were assessed using the WHO STEPS instrument [ 27] while khat use (a stimulant plant widely used in East Africa and Arabian Peninsula) [ 28] was measured adopting a set of questions.
Using an online computer system, the participant and researcher would together enter information about the participant's previous migration history and risk factors for NCDs, based on the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) instrument.
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This instrument, The Minnesota Effective Practice Instructional Strategies Assessment (MEPISA), was developed using a four-step instrument development process, which included content domains, question creation, a review by a panel of experts, and a pilot.
Cyclic voltammetry, UV vis spectroscopy, and α-step instruments indicate a systematic dependence of the film thickness of these ultra-thin films on the assembly time and temperatures.
During this step, instruments pass through 5 chambers, including 1) pre-washing with water and enzymatic solution for 1 minute, 2) washing using detergent solution at 150°F for 4 minutes, 3) ultrasonic cleaning with detergent for 4 minutes, 4) thermal and lubricant rinse with water at 180°F for 1 minute followed by instrument mild lubricant at 180°F, and 5) drying for 4 minutes at 180°F.
These first two rounds are analogous steps to instrument development where item generation and item reduction would establish the content validity of any future pain measure [ 26- 29].
Following the steps of instrument development, the ATTAIN was found to have high content validity, slightly below recommended levels for internal consistency, and varied test-retest reliability.
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