Sentence examples for steps including gene from inspiring English sources

The latter process involves successive steps including gene neutralization, pseudogenization, and gradual erosion until complete loss.

This is a process involving several steps, including gene duplication, fixation and subsequent gene loss, and requiring significant chromosomal bias at one or all of these steps to account for the observed pattern (Wu and Yujun Xu 2003).

The regulation of telomerase is multifactorial, involving transcriptional and post-translational steps including complicated gene promoter consisting of binding sites for a variety of transcription factors, alternative splicing pathways, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation processes.

Sixteen genes have been reported to be involved in the 17 steps, including eight genes (DXS, DXR, MCT, CMK, MDS, HDS, HDR and IDI) in the initial seven steps, four genes (GGDPS, CPPS, KS and KO) in the next five steps and four genes (KAH, UGT85C2, UGT74G1 and UGT76G1) in the remaining five steps [ 2].

The differentiation of an evolving pair of sex chromosomes involves many evolutionary steps, including changes in gene content on the X and Y [ 1, 2]; gene loss and the fixation of deleterious mutations on the Y [ 3]; epigenetic modifications related to silencing of Y-linked genes [ 4] and the evolution of dosage compensation [ 5, 6].

Other pre-processing steps included removing gene pairs with missing values instead of substituting their values with the averages.

EXPANDER supports all analytical steps, including normalization and filtering, gene clustering and differential expression analysis, and various statistical tests for gene group analysis including functional enrichment and transcription factor binding site enrichment.

Removal of the 7 α-hydroxy group requires multiple steps including ligation to CoA (baiB gene), oxidation of the 3 α-hydroxy (baiA gene), oxidation of the C4 C5 (baiCD gene), 7 α-dehydration (baiE gene), followed by sequential NAD(P H-dependent reductions at C6–C7, C4–C5, 3-oxo, followed by exP H-dependentecondareductions

This involves a number of highly regulated steps, including activation of myogenic genes, migration, cell cell adhesion and alignment, and finally membrane fusion.

These multi-step processes require the coordinated expression of many genes, including genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins and morphogens, as well as proliferative, angiogenic, and apoptotic signals [ 1].

Plant genes facilitate the specific transformation steps including bacterial attachment, T-DNA transfer and cytoplasmic trafficking and integration via nuclear targeting (Citovsky et al. 2007).