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Results showed that square stepping exercise was equally effective as strength training to improve lower-extremity functional fitness.
Participants then performed a light stepping exercise for 6 min, using the Nintendo Wii games console and 'balance board' platform (to provide a visual stimulus for exercise).
Three categories of exercise will be prescribed: ankle mobility and strengthening exercise, stepping exercise, and weight bearing and balancing exercise (see Figure 3).
Compared to a weekly walking session, however, participants of the square stepping exercise group showed a greater improvement in functional fitness of the lower-extremity.
A square stepping exercise was performed on a thin mat with the instruction to step from one end of the mat to the other according to a step pattern provided, which could be made progressively more complex.
Eleven items of music with exercise, including stretching exercise, flexibility exercise, body circulation exercise, skillful hand and active brain exercise, stepping exercise with music, aerobic exercise with music, slow walking exercise, relaxed turning exercise, hand butterfly (enhancing hand muscle strength), meditation, and breathing exercise, were included in the MAE.
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Three types of exercises will be prescribed: ankle mobility and strengthening exercises, stepping exercises, and exercises involving weight-bearing and balancing on the affected leg.
In the third week, obstacle avoidance exercises will be included while continuing with the visually guided stepping exercises.
It is important for fall-prevention programs to include specific stepping exercises on balance-recovery reactions, whether they are compensatory or voluntary in nature.
Obstacle avoidance is also evoked in the visually guided stepping exercises by introducing sudden target to obstacle shifts in the sequence of stepping targets, requiring an adjustment of an already planned step.
Participants will receive a tablet computer with the balance training programme and exercise equipment (foam cushion, stepping box, exercise mat) as depicted in figure 1.
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