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We approach water cycle intensity (WCI) from a landscape perspective; WCI is defined as the sum of precipitation (P) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) over a spatially explicit landscape unit of interest, averaged over a specified time period (step) of interest.
We define the storage-adjusted runoff (Q′) as the sum of actual runoff (Q) and the rate of change in soil moisture storage (ΔS/Δt, positive or negative) during the time step of interest.
Worse, with its recent devaluation, China has now joined the currency wars rather than stand above them, and there is the real risk of recession and deflation waiting as landmines for the next step of interest rate hikes, whether from the US Fed and the ECB.
In the following we present CVIIM, our new measure for the extent of bias induced by incomplete CV with respect to a data preparation step of interest.
We devise the easily interpretable and general measure CVIIM ("CV Incompleteness Impact Measure") to quantify the extent of bias induced by incomplete CV with respect to a data preparation step of interest.
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Equations (13) and (14) are solved simultaneously to obtain the surface heat flux and the temperature profile of the fracture at different time steps of interest.
In an effort to answer this question we present a new measure which enables the quantification of the impact of incomplete CV with regard to steps of interest, the "CV Incompleteness Impact Measure" (CVIIM).
More precisely, for each of the six time-steps of interest we ran a separate 2-way ANOVA with factors "centrality" (3 levels; primary = {P1, M1}, secondary = {HP, PM}, and central = {PA, PF}) and "frontality" (2 levels; posterior = {P1, HP, PA}, anterior: = {M1, PM, PF}).
Each regression model included covariates on the first step and the SES measure of interest on the last step.
Similarly let e incompl, K (s ) be the prediction error estimated by incomplete K-fold CV, i.e. when the data preparation step(s) of interest is performed before CV, using the whole dataset.
The Federal Reserve is widely expected to take the momentous step of raising interest rates for the first time in nearly a decade when it meets later this month.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com