The upper limit, λmax, and the lower one, λmin, of the allowable range as a function of growth velocity, V, obtained from the experiments of step-increment and step-decrement in growth velocity, can be generally expressed as λmax = AV−b, λmin = cV−d, where a, b, c and d are constants for given alloy and temperature gradient.
A highly ordered OPAA template with uniform pore diameters of about 60 nm and smooth pore channels perpendicular to the membrane surface was fabricated by a two-step anodization process plus a step-by-step voltage decrement method as described previously[43, 44].
This result is obviously different from the blue shift reported by Zong et al. In order to clarify the difference, a new procedure to electrochemically fill ordered porous anodic alumina (OPAA) was developed where porous alumina remained on the aluminum substrate and the barrier layer was very thin by using a step-by-step voltage decrement process[43].
end{array} end{array} (13) Step 6: Decrement the counter by 1 as l←l−1 and repeat from Step 4 to Step 6 while l≥0.
The genomic PCR was performed similarly to the plasmid-programmed reaction with the modification in the annealing step (temperature decrement of 1° from 68°C to 60°C on the first eight cycles was used, then 27 cycles at 60°C, annealing for 50 seconds) and prolonged to 40 seconds elongation step.
After lung recruitment it is necessary to perform a step-wise decrement in PEEP (PEEP trial) to detect the lung's closing pressure.
Later on, a step-wise decrement in PEEP allowed the detection of the minimum level that prevents the reappearance of atelectasis in LUS images.
Each step-width decrement of age at onset of smoking independently increased the CRC risk by 7.0% (OR=1.070, 95% CI=1.038 1.103).
In the first step, the random decrement method was used to transform random signals in free vibration responses.
Thus, convergence is ensured if the decrement step does not raise a maximum value, which is determined by α 1, that is, by the curve of aBLER for a certain Γ value of mean SNR.
In step with the decrement in cryocrit levels, HCV-Cp and HCV RNA concentrations were significantly altered.
