Using simulations for discrete-event systems based on queuing theory and with experiments on an Apache web server, they compared a PI controller and an RST-controller, both commonly used in automatic control, with a static controller and a step controller, both commonly used in telecommunication systems.
Thermocycling was carried out in tab water at 5°C ± 2°C and 55°C ± 2°C, using the Festo FPC 101 Step Controller (Festo AG and Co. KG, Esslingen, Germany).
Furthermore, we apply adaptive time-step controllers based on the embedded temporal error predictors.
The simulation results show that the proposed nonlinear triple-step controller has a comparative control performance with a widely used controller, and also show that the transition from the constant-torque operation region to the constant-power operation region is straightforward and effective during flux-weakening control.
This work presents a novel two-step controller strategy to achieve fast and precise positioning at the same time on an X Y table that moves across the macro-dynamic range and settles to within the micro-dynamic resolution.
Experimental results indicate that the proposed two-step controller can move the system from the macro-region into the micro-region in 0.2 s with an accuracy of 1 μm.
In the first step, logic controllers are synthesized assuming that the full state is available when the controllers receive an event signal and without taking any noise into account.
In order to control the accumulation error, smaller integration steps or special step size controllers are sometimes required, especially for a long time simulation or stiff systems.
In the second step, these controllers are checked for the worst case of parametric uncertainty by solving a multiobjective maximization problem.
Moreover, an improved dynamic surface sliding mode approach is developed by incorporating high-order sliding mode (HOSM) differentiators into each step of controllers design, such that the sluggish effect of the filter performance in conventional dynamic surface control (DSC) can be eliminated.
As an appropriate step size controller, we exploit a standard step size controller to focus only on the EEECM for non-stiff problems.
