To explain companies' tie choice behavior, we draw on a framework on the benefits of board interlocks originally stemming from resource dependence theory (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978).
Drawing on a framework on the benefits of board interlocks stemming from resource dependence theory, we synthesize prior research on the consequences of interlocks and demonstrate that each type of interlock goes along with unique knowledge-based, social influence-related, and institutional benefits and costs.
And, despite its ample history of conflicts stemming from resource extraction and widespread commodity-fueled corruption, Africa is fast becoming a leader in clean energy.
A further group see GHG shortcomings as stemming from resource deficiencies, and thus focus on the creation of new and innovative funding mechanisms, incentive systems or capacity building [ 89- 92].
The impetus for conflict minerals legislation stems from resource-fuelled conflicts in eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between 1994 and 2003, which reached near-genocidal proportions, claiming as many as 5 million lives.
It is now pretty much taken for granted that educating girls has an ameliorating effect on almost every social indicator, most especially family income and family size, and that this in turn reduces the violence that stems from resource wars.
Kuehr supports a ban of e-waste shipments from developed to developing countries but applauds reuse of equipment through a second and third life as a way to reduce electronics' large environmental footprint, which stems from resource-intensive manufacturing processes.
The WH-PBRN Coordinating Center helped resolve process complexities stemming from local resource differences and the sharing of mid-project adaptations during implementation.
With respect to methodological validation, we found no evidence of bias stemming from differential resource exhaustion by large colonies (Fig. 3B) and that the growth rates of individual colonies measured by our new method were generally comparable to population growth rates in standard batch culture (Fig. 4).
Our approach suggests that at least two new assessment criteria should be added to those of geology and supply chain concentrations: firstly, environmental risks and its impacts stemming from the global resource nexus and, secondly, socio-economic risks at the level of supplying countries.
In the second experiment, we found no evidence of bias stemming from size-related resource exhaustion in the growth chambers.
