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We defined a fitness function that captures the effects of delays in the reproductive schedules due to slow germ-cell cycling and of long-term mutational load stemming from replication-dependent mutations.
To ask where the optimum between pedigree-depth minimization and fast reproduction lies, we defined a fitness value that captures the effects of delays in the reproductive schedule due to slow stem-cell cycling and of long-term mutational load stemming from replication-dependent mutations (the equation and details are given in " Methods").
Currently, with large collaborative efforts stemming from GWAS and subsequent replication studies, this is likely to be less of a problem, at least for common variants with a frequency greater than 5%10%%.
Instability stemming from DNA replication/repair defects (internal sources) is expected to occur in dividing cells, whereas the presence of genotoxic compounds in the environment (external sources) can trigger instability in both dividing and nondividing cells.
The cause of leading/lagging bias is unclear but could stem from differences in the replication enzymes associated with leading (continuous) versus lagging (discontinuous) synthesis, or from the duration of time one or the other strand is in a single-stranded state.
Partial DNA replication might stem from defective reactivation of the cell cycle apparatus in TD myotubes.
It remains to be established if these variable replication outcomes stem from limited study power, or reflect the variable effect of the environment most notably insulin treatment in the two study arms of the study.
These facets stem from the fact that PV are replication incompetent, recombinant viruses that can be engineered to contain one of several different reporter genes and a range of different RABV glycoproteins (G) protruding from their viral membrane.
Another study suggests that breaks at some fragile sites may stem from secondary DNA structures that induce replication fork stalling in a context where no supplementary MCM2-7 complexes are available to rescue stalled forks (Ozeri-Galai et al. 2011).
This stems from the widely accepted notion that self-replication of biopolymers is essential for life's inception.
Its stimulation of viral transcription appears to stem from its recruitment of RNAP II to viral replication sites.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com