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The oldest phloem layers are the outermost the dead bark of the stem surface.
In the stems the vessels are usually arranged in a continuous ring near the stem surface.
Tantalum beads were stuck at the stem surface and spread at the endosteal surface.
For example, in certain tree ferns (e.g., Cyathea and Cibotium) and in the royal ferns (Osmunda), the entire stem surface is covered by masses of roots.
Finally, we discuss how trees can efficiently distribute carbohydrates over the stem surface to ensure a homogeneous cambial activity.
Histologically, there were both fibrous capsule and woven bone around the device body, and histomorphology analysis showed 64.17% bone contact to device stem surface.
Only the groove oriented proximally by 60° from the normal direction of the stem surface generated the healthy maximum principal stress distribution.
Various techniques have been proposed to measure them, but only a few number of points over the stem surface can be measured simultaneously.
This pilot study provided a local measurement of the micromotions in the 3 direction and at 8 locations on the stem surface simultaneously.
Cement-implant interface debonding resulted in the proximally matte femoral stem surface abrading with the opposing cement mantle, resulting in particulate and osteolysis in some cases.
The stem surface is not porous.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com