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Species-specific random slopes for effects of severe damage (stem break or uprooting) on delayed mortality recorded in 1995 estimate increases in probability of mortality that can be attributed to severe damage (i.e., stem break or uprooting) during H. Hugo.
During H. María, however, dense wood did not afford species any protection from stem break as there was no differences between rates of stem break between species with high and low-density wood.
Rates of stem break, uprooting, and mortality over periods free of storms were also unrelated to wood density (Supp. Tables 3 and 7).
In addition, small sapling stem abundance was strongly correlated with the proportion of stem break scars (LR: t 37 = −3.626, P < 0.001).
Rather, differences in rates of stem break reflect to a large degree higher vulnerability of large diameter trees during H. María, suggesting that differences in the meteorological characteristics of the hurricanes were responsible for the striking differences in rates of stem break among storms (Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 6).
Our results however, also demonstrate that species with high density wood and large trees, although largely resistant to breakage in less severe storms, may be vulnerable to stem break during hurricanes of María's severity.
Similar(46)
But when it dies, the stem breaks like a branch and the line becomes calligraphic".
Once dry, and brittle, the main stem breaks and it begins to tumble.
We also evaluated if stem breaks were a significant predictor of abundance shifts.
Nevertheless, loss of foliage to H. Irma may have shaped the type of damage (i.e., a greater number of stem breaks) María inflicted on the forest.
The lady slipper had a damaged stem, broken when an aspen branch fell and hit it sometime in the previous seven decades.
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