With miniaturized electronics and the widespread adoption of electric power steering, rear-steering is now experiencing something of a resurgence.
The things that set it apart and make it special are obviously the rear steering, but also the fact that the rear steering can be locked out, allowing it to be ridden just like a regular bike.
The actuators considered are the active front steering, the rear torque vectoring, and the semi active suspensions.
In this design, yaw rate is used as a synthetic input to control the vehicle's sideslip dynamics, and yaw rate is in turn controlled through coordination of the front tire lateral force (steering) and rear tire longitudinal force (drive).
But give this same car a real manual shifter, a direct-acting clutch with firm, sporty feel and the same excellent steering and rear-wheel drive as the automatic car, it suddenly gets teeth sharp ones.
Buyers in BMW attack-mode will want the $3,650 Sport package, which includes burly 20-inch wheels, a firmer suspension and stronger brakes, sport seats and paddle shifters, and four-wheel steering that can turn the rear wheels up to one degree in unison with the front wheels for noticeably quick turning response.
It features racing-derived, active rear-wheel steering; depending on speed, the rear wheels steer in the same or opposite direction as the front wheels, Porsche says.
We dug into the foaming water, Chalo in the rear steering us between two huge boulders.
Other packages include upscale goods like an adaptive cruise control, a heated steering wheel, heated rear seats and blind-spot monitors.
We hopped aboard — one person riding in the basket of each sled, the others standing and steering on the rear runners.
By combining a variable steering ratio with rear wheels that pivot opposite the fronts at low speeds, the system improves maneuverability and trims more than two feet from the turning circle.
