They are bounded on both sides by steeply dipping normal faults, along which movement has been essentially equal, resulting in blocks that are scarcely tilted.
Earthquake swarms and volcanic eruptions occur when the stretching exceeds the strength of the near-surface rocks, which then fracture along steeply dipping cracks parallel to the rift.
The principal supported-stoping method, practiced on steeply dipping ore bodies, is cut-and-fill mining, in which the opened stope is back-filled with waste materials as each layer of ore is removed.
The steeply dipping beds of blocky mudstone give an interesting asymmetry to this miniature canyon, with the smooth erosion surface on the southern side countered by jagged exposed strata to the north.
Steeply dipping, variable verging reverse faults exhumed basement ranges and defined the depositional area.
Reactivation preferentially occurs along relatively thick (c. 1 km), relatively steeply dipping (c.
In this environment, the steeply dipping mud layers can only be attributed to mud slumping.
Displacement of steeply dipping fault (red dots) offsets the sediment basement surface (yellow dots).
Huelsdonk Ridge is underlain by steeply dipping, folded and faulted Oligocene to upper Eocene sandstones.
Abnormally high value of R b might be expected in regions of steeply dipping rock strata.
The black lines in the interpretation indicate steeply dipping normal faults.
