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Analysis of topography and images reveals that the stratigraphically lowest layers within the fan have shallow dips (<2°), consistent with deltaic bottomsets, whereas overlying strata exhibit steeper dips (∼2 9°) and downlap, consistent with delta foresets.
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During the steeper dip subduction phase, it is likely that the NYT experienced a slightly greater degree of extension than the SYT, raising the possibility of a slab segmented by a major transform fault resulting in slightly steeper subduction beneath the NYT.
A source model with steeper dip angles can match the observed inundation height better.
Thus, the deeper SMGA has a slightly steeper dip angle because of the bending of the subducting Pacific slab.
It is difficult or almost impossible to apply the system into steeper dipping coal seams, over 15°.
This can be important for tsunami evacuation planning.Figure 8 shows the effects of steeper dip angles on tsunami wave heights (depending on the locations).
Variation of the dip angle from -2.5° to 10° with respect to the base case results in differences in peak amplitudes of the tsunami wave profiles by a factor of 2. These changes were intuitively expected, as steeper dip angles increase the vertical seafloor deformation for a given earthquake slip.
In contrast to the distribution of GF amplitudes shown in Fig. 4, the highest amplitudes are in areas of steeper dip closer to the target site, and low to medium amplitudes are in the areas of anomalies 1 and 3. We concluded from these results that the source mechanism alone cannot produce the simulated anomalies.
A source model with a higher value of 780 kPa has a steeper dip and a lower rake compared with the reference model (i.e., close to a right-lateral strike-slip fault), whereas a model with a lower value has a mechanism close to normal faulting.
Younger D3 dikes display andesitic and boninitic compositions and have WNW strikes with steep dips.
The ratio of this anisotropic derivative to the isotropic derivative, when plotted as a function of position and depth shows prominent differences in both the sign and the magnitude of the sensitivities, especially for steep dips and for strongly anisotropic rocks.
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