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The impact of PIOL decentration on human eye is evaluated, including rotation decentration, flat axis decentration, steep axis decentration and axial movement of PIOL, which is impossible with traditional method.
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Intraoperatively, the axis of the toric lens was aligned to the steepest axis of the corneal astigmatism.
The optic is marked with 3 peripheral dots that indicate the cylindrical axis of the lens and so enables its correct alignment with the steepest axis of the corneal astigmatism during surgery.
Preoperatively, the steepest axis of the corneal astigmatism, determined by Orbscan topography was marked at the corneal limbus with a marker pen, using an angle measuring eyepiece on a BQ900 slit lamp (Haag Streit, Switzerland).
A 3.2 mm clear corneal tunnel was created either superiorly or temporally depending upon the steeper axis; side port entry was made with the help of microvitreoretinal (MVR) blade.
To reproduce this feature, we did not need a steep symmetry axis, but instead needed a thin anisotropic layer with a fast axis dipping to the NNW direction that was sandwiched by isotropic layers.
Surface erosive failure makes the slope between the MST and the trench axis steep.
SimKavg is the arithmetic average of the steep and the flat axis (SimKf, SimKs).
If the σ3 axis is steeper than the slab, a component of slab-pull force is unbalanced by the subduction resistance.
Astigmatism occurs when the patient's cornea is steeper in the vertical axis (with-the-rule astigmatism) or in the horizontal axis (against-the-rule astigmatism) [ 4] when the principal meridians are perpendicular.
Along the axis of spheroids, steep gradients can exist for cellular oxygen levels, glucose concentration, nutrients, serum-derived growth factors and pH (Mueller-Klieser, 1987).
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