An alternative steelmaking process was developed in the 1860s by William and Friedrich Siemens in Britain and Pierre and Émile Martin in France.
Another 19th-century steelmaking process was the Siemens-Martin process, which complemented the Bessemer process.
There are also low-carbon steelmaking processes being developed, such as alkaline electrolysis, that with the right support could be commercialised and deployed successfully.
Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, a by-product of steelmaking recovered after the oxidizing process, is useful when employed as aggregate in hydraulic concrete and bituminous mixtures.
Globally, the hydrogen steelmaking route based on this new process is technically and environmentally attractive.
Improving the quality of steel and the steelmaking process has been a matter of routine for metallurgical engineers and steelmaking companies in a demanding market for quality products at highly competitive price.
Steelmaking slag (SMS), a by-product of iron-making process, is an effective fertilizer for seaweed bed restoration (Takahashi and Yabuta 2002; Yabuta et al. 2006; Miyata et al. 2009; Hayashi et al. 2011; Yamamoto et al. 2012).
This paper studies a real-world hybrid flowshop rescheduling problem in Steelmaking-refining Continuous Casting (SCC) process, where machine breakdown is considered as the disruption, and controllable processing times in the last stage of SCC process is considered.
The developed process is considered as a cleaner approach, compared to convention treatment processes in steelmaking industry, to simultaneous reduction of CO2 emission and stabilization of BOFS.
Influence of heat input options to the steelmaking process and hydrogen production thermal efficiency of IS process were investigated for the NHS system.
