The low-permeability characteristics make the conventional steady-state way impractical, because a very long time is necessary for building each steady-state saturation profile.
In our analytical context it is crucial to identify when the respondents can be considered to be acquainted with the choice context and start to behave in a steady-state way, that is, when different responses can be observed just because of different stimuli and not because of a choice adaptation or updating process.
Natural mortality affects steady state dynamics in two ways: by reducing the length of time an individual is infectious and by decreasing the probability of a secondary infection progressing to active disease during their lifetime.
Following the Hill reasoning [ 9] described in Methods, instead of the one-way steady state fluxes, it is enough to calculate the MFPTs between correctly identified nodes in the modified network of states.
ITER, Wendelstein 7-X, LHD, and TORE SUPRA are experimental facilities designed to lead the way to steady state fusion devices.
In this way one steady state concentration profile in an ammonia oxidation catalyst can be computed in less than 0.003 s, despite the fact that the model uses mechanistic surface kinetics and includes the radial diffusion in the washcoat.
For the crack located in the center of welding seam, Ct was estimated by the proposed method under the small scale creep stage and by the reference stress method under the extensive steady state creep stage; in this way, Ct was estimated under the whole creep stage.
The key response is the downregulation of the cellular metabolic rate to new hypometabolic steady states in a way that balances the ATP demand and ATP supply pathways (Hochachka, 1986; Boutilier, 2001).
To quantify the combined kinetic effect of many lipid species interacting with peripheral proteins, it is essential to be able to calculate the steady state of adsorbing macromolecules in a way that will include all important degrees of freedom in a self-consistent way.
During his life, Dr. Sandage saw the debates over the Big Bang and Steady State theories of the universe give way to dark energy and dark matter; astronomers went from wearing electrically heated flight suits to ride in a telescope all night to downloading pictures from the Hubble Space Telescope.
The progressive future is to be shared collectively by "all who want to make the world a better place", not fought over and won – Lucas recommended Herman Daly's work on the "steady state economy", which points to a way out of the "triple crisis" caused by peak oil, climate change and the credit crunch.
