It is generally agreed that steady laminar flow contributes to a normal endothelial phenotype, while flow disturbances such as recirculation and separation such as that often found near arterial branches or stenoses are considered atherogenic.
The flow is assumed to be steady, laminar and incompressible.
Thwaites found that laminar separation occurs at λ < −0.09.
Equation (2) or (6) is the momentum equation valid for steady laminar flow.
Due to the difficulty in modelling laminar separation bubbles, it is assumed that at the laminar separation point the flow immediately reattaches to the surface, and the laminar separation point is taken as the point of transition from a laminar to a turbulent boundary layer.
After this point, the particular shape of the airfoil leads to the generation of a laminar separation bubble which forces the laminar to turbulent boundary layer transition.
Laminar bubble, laminar separation and boundary layer transition are quite important phenomena that must be captured by the CFD model to reproduce the actual physical aerodynamic behavior.
The transition from steady laminar to unsteady flow was studied in detail.
Attention is focused on steady, laminar, two-dimensional, natural convective flow within a partitioned cavity.
