I spent as much as $130 and as little as $8 a day in Bali for accommodations, meals, local transport and activities during my 10-day stay, calculated at 14,000 rupiahs to the dollar; the wide range reflects the fact that I was trawling for discounts at all levels of accommodation.
The access measures were the number of all inpatient and outpatient surgeries.1 The cost measure was average cost per surgical inpatient stay, calculated by using hospital cost-to-charge ratios to deflate total charges per stay reported in the NIS.
The overall hospital length of stay (calculated as the sum of all stays per group) was 627 vs. 925 days for the GDT and Control group respectively.
Secondary outcomes were length of stay (calculated in days from the day of admission until the day of discharge or death) and mortality.
Length of stay was defined as the number of days from major resection to the end of the associated hospital stay (calculated taking into account transfers between different hospitals).
The primary outcomes of this study are 1) the number, severity and preventability of ADEs present at admission calculated per 100 hospitalisations, 2) the number, severity and preventability of ADEs during hospital stay calculated per 100 hospitalisations, 3) the percentage of ADEs recognised and appropriately managed by the treating physicians.
Outcome measures included: 1) in-hospital mortality; 2) and 3) mortality at 15 and 30 days after admission; 4) hospital readmission within 30 days; and 5) length of hospital stay (calculated as the date of discharge minus the date of admission).
The economic cost of care trajectories will be assessed by totalling for each year and each patient (1) the cost associated with each hospital stay (calculated based on the NIRRU 169) and (2) the costs of non-hospital medical services used by patients, for which data are available in the medical-administrative databases or in the dummy billing for patients who are followed in an IPCT.
Extrapolating the results to the rate of inappropriateness of each clinical service out of the total of admissions and hospital stays we calculated the approximate minimum cost of inappropriate admissions and stays in 2005 and 2007 per Service and for the Hospital as a whole, which amounts to 2,125,638 euros in 2005 (control group) and 960,761 euros in 2007 (intervention group).
The performance of these scores to predict primary clinical outcome either death, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) before hospital discharge and secondary outcomes prolonged length of invasive mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit ICU) stay and hospital stay were calculated.
