In studies that only reported p-values, t-values or confidence intervals, we derived standard deviations from these statistics using the methods described in Chapter 7 of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews [ 5].
To correct for multiple testing, the false discovery rate (FDR) was estimated from p-values derived from the moderated t-statistics using the method of Benjamini and Hochberg [32].
To test for historical population expansion or contraction in each species we calculated Tajima's D [ 54] and Fu's Fs statistic [ 55] and the 95% confidence interval around these statistics using the bootstrap method (with no recombination) offered in DNAsp [ 53] with 5000 replicates.
According to the Web site Shadow Government Statistics, using the pre-1980 methed, the Consumer Price Index would be over 9percentt, compared with about 2percentt in the official statistics today.
To quantify differences beyond subjects of conversation, we tested other statistics using the same method we used for testing differences in word usage: frequency of letter usage, letter pair usage, word length and three-letter word ending.
The LIMMA derived log expression values were fit to a linear model based on treatment, which moderated the resulting t statistics using the empirical Bayes method.
In [17], the calibration results for large-scale parameter statistics are based on the angular parameters, which are generated in Step 4. In this contribution, we provide the calibration results for large scale parameter statistics, using the circular angle spread method, as recommended in [25].
The confidence interval and P value of the differences in hazard ratio of the subtypes were then calculated from the replicated statistics using the accelerated bias corrected method in STATA.
The areas under the ROC curves (C-statistics) were compared using the method of DeLong et al. Relationships between biomarkers were evaluated with Spearman rank-order correlation.
We performed heterogeneity tests (I 2 and P-values of the Q statistics) among these three independent cohorts using the method described previously [ 21] and the extent of heterogeneity was assessed by using the I 2 index.
