However, if we can obtain multiple independent mutant strains from our phenotype screen, the statistics of independent selection events will quickly help distinguish the true target genes.
Neutrality tests based on summary statistics allow inferences of selection if no other demographic factors can be invoked to explain the observed data [ 26, 27].
Secondly, comparison of sociodemographic characteristics of the sample of participants to regional statistics revealed no evidence of selection bias.
Significantly negative values of neutrality statistics can be indicative of selection but are also consistent with either population subdivision or expansion [ 38], and Fu's Fs is a particularly powerful test of population growth [ 39, 40].
In population genetics, the most commonly used statistics to detect signatures of selection are the calculation of the fixation index (Fst) [ 17], composite log likelihood (CLL) [ 18] and extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH) [ 19].
Though parametric statistics provide robust estimates of selection gradients and other parameters [ 32, 38], these tests may be violated by survival data (live/die), which tend to have non-normally distributed errors [ 39, 40].
ImageJ can create density histograms and calculate area and pixel value statistics of user-defined selections.
In addition, the uniform penalization for eight single statistics may decrease the contribution of selection loci with small P-values in the process of combination.
Most urgently, however, better statistics for localizing the target of selection using re-sequencing are needed, and improved methods for interpreting the biological consequences of DNA variants discovered are especially needed.
Thus, a favored microsatellite allele may exist on several different haplotypic backgrounds, making it more difficult to detect the presence of selection using statistics that rely on substantial deformations of the SFS.
