Exact(3)
The rate of evolutionary change declined for all three traits (Table 2) over the course of the experiment, with statistically significant evolution over the first 500 and second 500 generations, but with a rate of change roughly two to ten times greater during generations 0 500 than during generations 501 1000.
CO, SV, HR and SAP did not show any statistically significant evolution compared with their baseline value during the study period.
Accordingly, in approaches testing for statistically significant evolution of phenotype by natural selection, gross phenotypic difference has historically been precisely the signal assessed (Lande 1976, 1977; Lande and Arnold, 1983; Lynch 1990; Turelli et al. 1988; Charlesworth 1984).
Similar(57)
Neighbourhood social disadvantage (measured by an index including income, ethnicity, family structure and occupational status) was associated with a statistically significant positive evolution of self-esteem in adolescents with lower-educated parents, but with a negative evolution of self-esteem in adolescents with higher-educated parents.
When examining the difference between students with and without a biology major, Paz-y-Miño and Espinosa (2009) found statistically significant differences in evolution acceptance between biology majors and nonmajors students, which we did not find in this study.
In this subpopulation at risk, statistically significant less erosive evolution on the radiological image (3.7%) was seen in the adalimumab treated group compared to the placebo group (14.5%) (P = 0.009).
Mutations that occur in cancer, such as those in p53 described here, are often deleterious to the function of the protein and may not be sampled in a statistically significant manner in evolution when information on residue structural environment is required in the calculation.
Of these, 24 show a statistically significant accelerated rate of evolution in one of the two copies and 14 show positive Darwinian selection in one paralogous copy.
Given that there has not been more experimental work carried on htgA, we rely on indirect evidence of its existence based on the statistically significant lowering rate of evolution of those sequences putatively coding for htgA.
Of the 15 overlapping proteins with orthologs, two showed statistically significant evidence of adaptive evolution according to the five criteria above (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and plasminogen activator urokinase), which was not significantly different than the 17 adaptively evolving genes identified from the 216 non-overlapping proteins with orthologs (FET, P = 0.36).
We then adjusted the significance threshold for a gene to show statistically significant different rates of sequence evolution using a Benjamini Hochberg FDR correction at q of 0.05 (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995).
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