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This methodology overcomes the inherent statistical problematic aspects of sliding window approaches for detecting evolutionary rate variation among sites [ 29].
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These transcripts are rare, which makes statistical analyses problematic.
There were no apparent intertrial patterns in error rates, although this might have been due to a floor effect: Error rates were very low in some combinations of proximity and intertrial condition, reducing variability and making statistical analysis problematic.
A review of methodological issues in the human epidemiological literature on Mn identified: (1) studies focused on idiopathic Parkinson disease without considering manganism, a parkinsonian syndrome; (2) studies with healthy worker effect bias; (3) studies with problematic statistical modeling; and (4) studies arising from case series derived from litigation.
A key weakness is problematic statistical analyses.
The first relies on a problematic statistical premise described by Calabrese and Baldwin (2003b).
Furthermore, removal of outliers is a problematic statistical technique that can introduce bias into a dataset and subsequent model estimates.
In lieu of many replicates with which to determine accurate intensity means and variances, reliable estimates of statistical significance remain problematic.
Many of the developmental neurotoxicity studies suffer from inadequate study design, problematic statistical analyses, use of formulated products, and/or inadequate controls.
The statistical tests are problematic because related individuals are not independent of each other, but there was no clear tendency for any specific locus to show departures from the expected Hardy-Weinberg frequencies.
While the predictive power of a plethora of genomic signatures has been successfully demonstrated, dichotomizing phenotypes based on statistical significances is problematic due to the presence of major heterogeneity.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com