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The premise for this legislation is to lessen clinical statistical burden and offer subsidies to encourage industry to produce therapeutics for rare diseases that might not otherwise be profitable.
However, such a detailed reconstruction is a major computational and statistical burden, especially considering the large number of components.
Such studies introduce a great computational and statistical burden by necessitating a large number of hypotheses to be tested including all pairs of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Although this is somewhat conservative since many markers are in LD (and therefore the tests are not independent), it serves as a rough approximation to the scale of the statistical burden.
With current GWAS typically including hundreds of thousands of SNPs, this implies both a computational and statistical burden even for groups sizes as small as k = 2: the numerous tests takes days and even weeks to compute and require a substantial correction for multiple hypothesis, leading in some cases to a loss of power (Evans et al., 2006).
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If a gene spans multiple regions of linkage disequilibrium, then the latter choice is preferable because it requires less genotyping and induces a smaller statistical testing burden.
However, perhaps related to their small size, miRNA genes contained few rare variants, even after broadening the rarity definition to <5%, preventing statistical testing of burden (Table S7).
The challenge is to balance statistical efficiency and respondent burden to minimize the overall error in the survey responses.
We provide an illustration in which we make recommendations that balance the loss of statistical information and the burden imposed on the respondents.
There is thus a need for studies that validate such statistical estimates of disease burden estimates with directly observed and virologically confirmed outcomes.
Formal statistical testing on oocyst burden could therefore not be done although the total number of oocysts relative to the number of infected mosquitoes was higher for individuals with microscopically-detectable densities of gametocytes.
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